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Contributors
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- By Pierre Amarenco, Adrià Arboix, Marcel Arnold, Robert W. Baloh, John Bamford, Jason J. S. Barton, Claudio L. Bassetti, Christopher F. Bladin, Julien Bogousslavsky, Julian Bösel, Marie-Germaine Bousser, Thomas Brandt, John C. M. Brust, Erica C. S. Camargo, Louis R. Caplan, Emmanuel Carrera, Carlo W. Cereda, Seemant Chaturvedi, Claudia Chaves, Chin-Sang Chung, Isabelle Crassard, Hans Christoph Diener, Marianne Dieterich, Ralf Dittrich, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Paul Eslinger, Conrado J. Estol, Edward Feldmann, José M. Ferro, Joseph Ghika, Daniel Hanley, Ahamad Hassan, Cathy Helgason, Argye E. Hillis, Marc Hommel, Carlos S. Kase, Julia Kejda-Scharler, Jong S. Kim, Rainer Kollmar, Joshua Kornbluth, Sandeep Kumar, Emre Kumral, Hyung Lee, Didier Leys, Eric Logigian, Mauro Manconi, Elisabeth B. Marsh, Randolph S. Marshall, Isabel P. Martins, Josep Lluís Martí-Vilalta, Heinrich P. Mattle, Jérome Mawet, Mikael Mazighi, Patrik Michel, Jay Preston Mohr, Thierry Moulin, Sandra Narayanan, Kwang-Yeol Park, Florence Pasquier, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, Nils Petersen, Raymond Reichwein, E. Bernd Ringelstein, Gabriel J. E. Rinkel, Elliott D. Ross, Arnaud Saj, Martin A. Samuels, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Stefan Schwab, Florian Stögbauer, Mathias Sturzenegger, Laurent Tatu, Pariwat Thaisetthawatkul, Dagmar Timmann, Jan van Gijn, Ana Verdelho, Francois Vingerhoets, Patrik Vuilleumier, Fabrice Vuillier, Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Shirley H. Wray, Wendy C. Ziai
- Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Jan van Gijn
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- Book:
- Stroke Syndromes, 3ed
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 12 July 2012, pp vii-x
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Chapter 29 - Arterial territories of the human brain
- from Section 2 - Vascular topographic syndromes
- Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Jan van Gijn
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- Book:
- Stroke Syndromes, 3ed
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 12 July 2012, pp 329-343
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Summary
Prospective studies of mood changes after stroke in large samples of patients may permit the delineation of the acute emotional behavioral changes that are markers for the delayed development of emotional disturbances. Mood disorders can be quantified using specifically designed scales, such as the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and may be predictors of the later development of depression. The standardized diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV for mood disorders are appropriate for stroke, as poststroke depression has a similar symptomatic profile to primary depression. Fear and anxiety are common following stroke. Anxiety is the second most prevalent mood disorder following stroke, being found in 3.5%-24% of patients. Careful monitoring of stroke and measurement of monoamine metabolites and neuroexcitatory amino acids, may give a better understanding of the biological mechanism underlining poststroke emotional disturbances.
29 - Arterial territories of human brain
- from PART II - VASCULAR TOPOGRAPHIC SYNDROMES
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- By Laurent Tatu, Neurology Services and Anatomy Laberators, Central University Hospital, Besançon, France, Thierry Moulin, Neurology Services, Julien Bogousslavsky, Department of Neurology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Henri Duvernoy, Anatomy Laberators, Central University Hospital, Besançon, France
- Edited by Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Louis R. Caplan, Harvard Medical School
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- Book:
- Stroke Syndromes
- Published online:
- 17 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 May 2001, pp 375-404
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Summary
Introduction
The advent of neuroimaging has allowed clinicians to improve clinico-anatomic correlations in patients with strokes. Anatomic structures are now well delineated on magnetic resonance imaging, and a knowledge of arterial territories is needed to achieve accurate localization of ischemic lesions.
MRI studies have re-evaluated the clinical spectrum of both anterior and posterior circulation strokes. Because the topographic, etiologic, and clinical spectra vary, large prospective studies including well-documented patients are of upmost importance. Classical syndromes have been revisited and new clinical patterns highlighted. However, most of the recent studies are based on various anatomic support and sometimes even lack anatomic reference. In this latter case, MRI is sometimes even considered to be an effective means of identifying etiologies according to the location of the infarction. On the other hand, only scarce reports exist in which the arterial vascular territories are well identified by anatomic studies. This lack of standardization in both arterial territory localization and the planes used to identify them, mar totally the accuracy of such reports. This recent neuroimaging development necessitates a precise and standardized tool for anatomo-radioclinical correlations.
However, a perfect knowledge in the general organization of brain arterial circulation is the first step needed for a good understanding in some particularities of brain arterial territories. The present chapter is designed to show precise brain arterial circulation organization and to depict brain arterial territories in a form directly applicable to neuroimaging slices in clinical practice.
General organization of brain arterial circulation
Brainstem
Arterial trunks supplying the brainstem include: vertebral artery, basilar artery, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery, posterior cerebral artery, and anterior choroidal artery (Fig. 29.1).